The book explores the climate challenges facing Central Asia and is divided into four parts, each shedding light on different aspects of the region's climate issues. The first section, Climate Research on Central Asia: State of the Art, provides an in-depth analysis of climate change impacts in the region, emphasizing the vulnerabilities in sectors like agriculture, health, energy, and transportation. The chapter sets the stage for the rest of the book, highlighting the urgent need for adaptation measures to mitigate the problems, which could severely impact energy and food security. In Central Asian Decarbonisation Pathways and Carbon Pricing; section evaluates the region's preparedness to meet climate policy goals, emphasizing the disparities among Central Asian countries. The need for structural changes in energy systems and alignment of development plans with climate goals is evident. The third section, Energy Transition in Central Asia; provides a comprehensive overview of the energy research landscape, highlighting the shift from fossil fuels to clean energy. Despite recent growth, the importance of renewables in the region remains underexplored, with scholars from various countries contributing to the research. Finally, Local Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Central Asia; explores how environmentalism has been institutionalized in the region and underscores the need for boosting societal resilience through local initiatives and entrepreneurship. This book appeals to researchers across disciplines, offering a multifaceted perspective on Central Asia climate challenges and strategies needed to address them effectively.