This research brief is a summary of a study using satellite-based observations of atmospheric methane concentrations from 2021 to quantify methane emissions in South America at the country and sector level, finding substantially higher anthropogenic methane emissions than reported in country submissions to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The authors perform a high-spatial-resolution (up to 25 km x 25 km) inversion of satellite observations, using an atmospheric transport model and prior “bottom-up” estimates of methane emissions to relate atmospheric observations to emissions.